Node: Any computer connected to the Blockchain network is called a node.A node’s main purpose is to verify each batch of network transactions, called blocks.
Private Key: A Private key is an alphanumeric string of data that is cryptographically encrypted and works as a password for your crypto wallet.Never ever give your private key to anyone, as the person who has the key owns the account.
Public Key: A public key is a cr y ptographic code that allows users to receive cryptocurrencies into their accounts.The public key and the private key are the tools required to ensure the security of the crypto economy.
Smart Contracts: Smart contracts are simply programs stored on a blockchain that run when predetermined conditions are met.They typically are used to automate the execution of an agreement so that all participants can be immediately certain of the outcome, without any intermediary’s involvement or time loss.
Solidity: The programming language developers use to write smart contracts on the Ethereum network.
Mining: Mining, in the context of blockchain technology, is the process of adding transactions to the large distributed public ledger of existing transactions, known as the blockchain.
ICO: An initial coin offering ( ICO ) or initial currency offering is a type of funding using cryptocurrencies.It is often a form of crowdfunding, although a private ICO which does not seek public investment is also possible.In an ICO, a quantity of cryptocurrency is sold in the form of “tokens” (“coins”) to speculators or investors, in exchange for legal tender, or other (generally established and more stable) cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ether.The tokens are promoted as future functional units of currency if or when the ICO’s funding goal is met and the project successfully launches.
Hot wallet/Hot Storage: A wallet that is directly connected to the internet at all times, for ex: centralized exchange wallets.
Hot wallets are comparatively less secure than the Cold Wallets/Hardware wallets.
Hash: A programmatic function that takes an input, and then outputs an alphanumeric string known as the “hash value” or “digital fingerprint.” Each block in the blockchain contains the hash value that validated the transaction before it followed by its own hash value.Hashes confirm transactions on the blockchain.
Fork: A fork creates an alternative version of a blockchain, and are often enacted intentionally to apply upgrades to a network.
Hard & Soft Fork: Soft Forks render two chains with some compatibility, while Hard Forks create a new version of the chain that must be adopted to continue participation.A hard fork occurs when there is a change in the blockchain that is not backward compatible (not compatible with older versions), thus requiring all participants to upgrade to the new version in order to be able to continue participating on the network.
Double Spend: An event during which someone on the Bitcoin network tries to send a specific bitcoin transaction to two different recipients at once.
However, as each bitcoin transaction is confirmed, double spending becomes almost impossible.The more confirmations that a particular transaction has, the decreased likelihood of double spending successfully.
Decentralized Applications: An open source, software application with backend code running on a decentralized peer-to-peer network rather than a centralized server.You may see alternate spellings: dApps, DApps, Dapps, and Đapps.
DAO: A decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), sometimes called a decentralized autonomous corporation (DAC), is an organization represented by rules encoded as a computer program that is transparent, controlled by the organization members and not influenced by a central government.
DEX: A decentralized exchange is a platform for exchanging cryptocurrencies based on functionality programmed on the blockchain (i.e., in smart contracts).The trading is peer-to-peer, or between pools of liquidity.
Cold Wallet/Cold Storage: An offline wallet that is never connected to the internet.These wallets protect cryptocurrencies from getting hacked online.
ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuits.ASICs are silicon chips designed to do a specific task.
In ASIC use for mining cryptocurrencies, the ASIC will perform a calculation to find values that provide a desired solution when placed into a hashing algorithm.
AML: A set of international laws enacted to diminish the potential for criminal organizations or individuals to launder money.These rules and laws are applied to cryptocurrencies with varying effects in different jurisdictions.
https://medium.com/@hksrise/blockchain-basics-5eb07e0adcba.
